Catalog/PSS-10
Open licenseGeneral distress / well-being Available now

PSS-10

Perceived Stress Scale (10-item)

The most widely used measure of perceived stress.

Items

10

Time to complete

4 min

Population

adult

Score range

0–40

About the PSS-10

The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) is a ten-item measure of the degree to which a person appraises situations in their life as stressful — unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloading — over the past month. It assesses the subjective experience of stress rather than the occurrence of specific stressful events.

Items are rated 0–4, with several positively worded items reverse-scored, giving a total of 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. The PSS is used widely in both research and applied health settings.

What it measures

PSS-10 questions

Response scale
0 = Never1 = Almost never2 = Sometimes3 = Fairly often4 = Very often
  1. 1

    In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly?

  2. 2

    In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?

  3. 3

    In the last month, how often have you felt nervous and stressed?

  4. 4

    In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems?

  5. 5

    In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?

  6. 6

    In the last month, how often have you found that you could not cope with all the things that you had to do?

  7. 7

    In the last month, how often have you been able to control irritations in your life?

  8. 8

    In the last month, how often have you felt that you were on top of things?

  9. 9

    In the last month, how often have you been angered because of things that happened that were outside of your control?

  10. 10

    In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them?

Items reproduced from a documented, freely usable source. Item wording is preserved exactly as published.

Scoring & interpretation

RangeBandInterpretation
013Low stressLow perceived stress.
1426Moderate stressModerate perceived stress — consider stress-management strategies.
2740High stressHigh perceived stress — clinical review recommended.

Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity.

Clinical applications

Frequently asked questions

What is a high PSS-10 score?

Scores of 0–13 are usually considered low stress, 14–26 moderate, and 27–40 high perceived stress.

Source & references

AuthorsCohen S, Williamson G
First published1988
CitationCohen S, Williamson G. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In: Spacapan S, Oskamp S, eds. The Social Psychology of Health. Newbury Park (CA): Sage; 1988. p. 31-67.
LicenseOpen license
Source obtained from https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/psychology/stress-immunity-disease-lab/ on 2026-05-16. Every instrument in our catalog has a documented, legitimate source — never scraped from another platform.

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